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OWASP Top 10 Explained for Non-Security People

The OWASP Top 10 is the definitive list of critical web security risks. Here's what each one means, a real-world example, and how to protect against it.

April 5, 202610 min read

A01: Broken Access Control

Users accessing data or functions they shouldn't be able to. The most common vulnerability found in real applications. Example: changing a URL parameter from /account/123 to /account/124 and seeing someone else's data.

A02: Cryptographic Failures

Sensitive data stored or transmitted without proper encryption. This includes storing passwords in plain text, using HTTP instead of HTTPS, or using outdated encryption algorithms like MD5.

A03: Injection

Sending hostile data to an interpreter — SQL, OS commands, LDAP queries. SQL injection is the most famous example. A single unparameterized query can expose your entire database.

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A04: Insecure Design

Security flaws baked into the application architecture — not just implementation bugs. No amount of patching fixes a fundamentally insecure design.

A05: Security Misconfiguration

Default credentials, unnecessary features enabled, missing security headers, verbose error messages exposing stack traces. This is the most findable category — and UebGuard catches it automatically.

A06–A10: The rest of the list

Vulnerable and outdated components, identification and authentication failures, software and data integrity failures, security logging failures, and server-side request forgery (SSRF). Each one represents a category of real attacks happening to real websites today.

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